The 191 amino acid single-chain polypeptide known as human growth hormone (HGH), also known as somatotropin, is produced by somatotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. As its name suggests, it was first thought to be in charge of controlling growth throughout childhood. However, studies have shown that HGH also controls a number of the body are other essential metabolic processes and works as an acute phase stress responder. The brain's anterior pituitary produces human growth hormone in the acidophilic, somatotrophic cells. Through a number of intricate feedback systems in reaction to stress, exercise, diet, sleep, and growth hormone itself, it is closely controlled how much is produced. Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH), generated in the brain, somatostatin, produced in numerous body tissues, and ghrelin, produced in the gastrointestinal system, are the main regulators. GHRH works to encourage the release and manufacture of HGH. Somatostatin promotes hypoglycemia and suppresses both GHRH and HGH production in response to GHRH stimulation. The stomach produces the hormone ghrelin as part of the hunger response. HGH works through two different pathways: direct action and indirect activity. Through its impact on attaching to target cells to elicit a response, HGH has direct effects on the body. The indirect effects are largely mediated by insulin-like growth factor-1, which is primarily released by hepatocytes in response to increased HGH binding to surface receptors. When the Janus activating tyrosine kinases (JAKs) 1 and 2 are activated, they will bind to the latent cytoplasmic transcription factors STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5, then move into the nucleus where they cause an increase in gene transcription and metabolism to create insulin-like growth factor-1 for release into the bloodstream. Following that, insulin-like growth factor-1 affects the development and metabolism of peripheral tissues. The effects of HGH can be viewed as a result of the interaction between HGH and insulin-like growth factor-1.