The features of a tissue specimen removed from a patient are described in a pathology report, which is often referred to as a surgical pathology report. A pathologist, a medical professional with specialised expertise in diagnosing illnesses by examining cells and tissues under a microscope, creates the pathology report. The official cancer diagnosis can be found in the pathology report. Additionally, it aids in treatment planning and staging, which describes the degree of the cancer within the body, particularly if it has spread. If a tumour is surgically removed in its entirety or in part, the pathologist will evaluate some or the entire excised tumour specimen. In the event that the entire tumour is removed, the surgeon will often make an effort to take part of the margin—normal tissue that surrounds the tumor—so that the pathologist may check it for tumour cells. A pathologist may also look at cells found in bodily fluids including urine, cerebrospinal fluid (the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord), sputum, pleural fluid (the fluid in the chest cavity), peritoneal fluid (the fluid in the abdomen), cervical/vaginal smears, and bone marrow. The size, weight, and colour of a tissue sample as it would seem to the unaided eye are included in the gross description on a surgical pathology report. It could also consist of the tissue sample's form and any obvious anomalies. Additionally, it will state the location on the body where the tissue was obtained, the number of samples collected, and whether or not lymph nodes were removed. A pathologist's description of all the results of their microscopic and visual examination of the tissue samples, together with pertinent clinical data, can be found in the diagnostic portion of a pathology report. The type of cancer, together with the tumour grade, lymph node status, margin status, and stage, will be mentioned in this section. The pathologist may include information regarding the cytogenetic and/or molecular characteristics of a tumour in the comments part of the pathology report, among other atypical features of the sample. The pathologist frequently offers more information on the illness and its diagnosis in the comments area and suggests potential further testing. Atypical findings that might alter a typical diagnosis, earlier samples or diagnoses for the patient, and other probable diagnoses are some examples of significant clinical history or test results. Additionally, on-going experiments will be mentioned (i.e., pending).