IPC (infection prevention and control) is a scientific strategy and workable solution created to stop the harm that infections may do to patients and healthcare professionals. It is a subset of epidemiology but also plays a crucial role in social sciences, global health, and infectious illnesses.A crucial public health concern for improving patient safety and the health system is effective IPC. Effective IPC measures are the foundation for preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAI), epidemics (like the 2013–2016 Ebola virus disease outbreak), and pandemics of global significance (like the 2009 flu pandemic and the coronavirus disease 2019). Infections in people happen when an infectious bacterium enters the body, multiplies, and causes an immune response that might result in an infectious illness. The epidemiological triad, or set of three factors, is necessary for the transmission of infectious illness.

The infection is brought on by "the agent," a germ that might appear as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungus.

The host is the disease's intended victim.

The Environment consists of the conditions and surrounds (these are external to the host)

A higher risk of disease transmission exists at healthcare institutions, including hospitals and primary care clinics, due to the presence and proportion of vulnerable people there. Healthcare-associated infections are contracted by one in ten patients, although efficient infection prevention and management lowers these illnesses by at least 30%. There are various procedures and recommendations that may be followed to reduce the transmission of illness between persons, within a group, and internationally. Infection control and prevention is a global concern. Identifying at-risk populations, such as kids, the elderly, and those with chronic illnesses, can also assist direct initiatives to safeguard these groups. When considering infection management, modifying behaviour might be the initial step at the local level.