Injury to the brain or skull in children occurs during pregnancy, childbirth, or early life. Most trauma cases just need for observation, rest, and ice. However, for more severe head injuries, therapy may entail conducting open surgery to stop bleeding or swelling in the brain and repair damage as well as surgically implanting a device to monitor brain swelling. A kid is exposed to many sorts of head trauma from the moment they are born and start to grow. The majority of the time, accidents causes the injuries, and surgery is not usually necessary. Both cerebral edoema and brain tissue inflammation are normal responses to damage that are brought on by an initial injury. However, additional brain damage might result from inflammation and cerebral edoema. The brain is encased in the skull and occupies minimal free space, which is why secondary damage happens. The fragile tissue of the brain is pressed against the interior of the skull when it expands, causing extra damage. An infant's skull, fortunately, has open sutures and the fontanelle, which enable the skull to slightly enlarge to accommodate the swelling. However, brain swelling is a dangerous condition that has to be identified and treated. As a result, following severe head trauma, intracranial pressure may need to be monitored for a few days. Pediatric trauma diagnosis begins with a physical examination, during which the doctor obtains the kid's full medical history and interviews the child and parent about the circumstances of the injury. Additionally, a neurological examination is carried out to look for any changes in mental state or brain function. During this examination, your hearing, motor skills, swallowing, eye movements, sense of smell, feeling, balance, and coordination will all be assessed. A direct impact to the body or head, or a violent shaking of the head, might result in paediatric trauma. The most frequent causes of paediatric trauma are motor vehicle collisions, unintentional falls or bumps, or recreational activities. Coup-contrecoup is the method through which the brain gets bruised and tissue is harmed. A coup lesion, which is a bruise near the trauma site, and a contrecoup lesion, which is a bruise on the opposite side, can both result from a blow to the head. When the brain contacts the skull on the opposite side of the trauma site, a contrecoup lesion develops. The interior membranes, blood vessels, and tissues may tear as a result of the brain's bouncing against the inflexible skull, which may result in bleeding and bruises.