Symptoms and Treatment for Candidasis

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Candida species are commensal microorganisms that live in the GI tract and occasionally the skin. Candidasis is a systemic mycosis that is brought on by internal organisms. Although C. albicans is the main source of most infections, C. glabrata and other non-albicans species are becoming more and more common in fungemia, uti infections, and sporadically other localised diseases. The incidence of resistance to voriconazole and amphotericin varies, and C. glabrata is typically less vulnerable to fluconazole than other species. C. krusei is naturally resistant to fluconazole. Echinocandins are most usually effective against C. krusei. Emerging, multi-drug resistant C. auris is a difficult to diagnose and treat species that has recently caused outbreaks in hospitals. Dysphagia is the most common symptom of esophageal candidiasis.Fever is a common sign of candidemia, but no further symptoms are known. Some individuals experience a state that resembles bacterial sepsis, which can have shock, oliguria, renal failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation as part of its fulminating course. White retinal lesions that are initially asymptomatic but can develop to opacify the vitreous, producing possibly permanent scarring and blindness, are the first signs of candidal endophthalmitis. Retinal haemorrhages can infrequently happen in neutropenic individuals, although eye infections are uncommon. Additionally, papulonodular skin lesions can appear, particularly in neutropenic individuals, where they are a sign of extensive hematogenous spreading to other organs. Depending on the organ involved, various infections can either be localised or invasive.